0 ‘HEH AMERICAN MONTHLY Sani 
of inanimate objects such as leaves or twigs or moss, for 
concealment from their enemies on the one hand or to 
enable them to secure their prey on the other, in mimicry 
of conspicuously marked or highly colored inedible by 
edible species, in resemblance between two or more equ- 
ally distasteful but entirely different species, or what- 
ever purpose the mimicry may serve; it seems that the 
resemblance is in outward appearance only. Although 
the similarity in color, pattern, and markings may be so 
close as to be almost identical, microscopical examination 
of the wing scales of these insects shows that the details 
by which the likenesses are brought about may be, and 
often are, widely different, The specimens from which 
the examples were taken fall under two groups of mimi- 
cry, that of Muller and that of Bates. The Mullerian 
form of mimicry is that in which two or more highly 
colored, conspicuously marked, or peculiarly shaped but- 
terflies, all inedible and distasteful to the insect-eating 
animals, are so closely alike as to be easily mistaken one 
for the other. These by their similarity in appearance 
afford each other mutual protection by dividing between 
them the total number destroyed by the young Insecti- 
vora of each season in learning what is and what is not 
good for food. The Batesian mimicry is that in which 
certain conspicuous and nauseous species that the young 
birds, etc., quickly learn are distasteful, are simulated 
by others which are not very nauseous, but which have 
acquired the color-markings of inedible forms and are 
thereby protected. Amongst the former are the Heli- 
coning and Acraine, all of which include amongst their 
members numbers of highly-colored species conspicuous 
for their markings in red, yellow, black and blue, with 
intermediate tints or shades, and which are easily dis- 
tinguished in their surroundings. In the latter are in- 
cluded butterflies of nearly every sub-family, and some 
of the diurnal moths, and both are found nearly all over 
