254 M. Miller on the Development of Chara. 
but this is not sufficient, it seems to me, to justify the association ; 
and the true place for the Cirrhipedes is, as a distinct class, be- 
tween the Myriapoda and the Annelides. The Campanularie 
are not Acalephe, because that, in their embryo state, they have 
their characters and aspect; nor are the Acalephe members of 
the order Anthozoa, because the young Medusans resemble that 
order. Such facts indicate an affinity, but do not call for a 
coalition in one order. . 
The Meduse are Anthozoans in their young age, and many 
Anthozoa are at first Medusans ; hence they necessarily belong to 
the same class, in which they constitute distinct orders. 
The Hydre are not Anthozoans, but rather freshwater Meduse, 
as I have along ago published. They cannot be separated from 
each other by any character of importance. 
The Tunicata, which more especially occupy our present at- 
tention, are very closely connected with the Bryozoa and the Ace- 
phala. I have thought it proper to leave them in the class Mol- 
lusca, because of the presence more especially of a heart. If they 
had not that organ, there would have been no more reason to place 
them amongst the Mollusca than amongst the polypes. In the 
branch or tribe of the Allo-cotyledones, the first class only, that 
of the mollusca, possesses a true heart. 
XXXIV.—On the Development of Chara. By C. Mitimr*. 
[ With three Plates. ] 
§ 1. Introduction. 
ALTHOUGH this subject has occupied the attention of many ob- 
servers from an early period, and notwithstanding great light has 
been thrown upon it by these numerous investigations, still a 
history of its development combining the diffused observations 
has hitherto been wanting. My object has been to effect this, 
and its accomplishment appeared to me the more requisite, inas- 
much as this family, which is characterized by so many import- 
ant structural peculiarities above all other cryptogamic families, 
nevertheless holds a doubtful position in systematic arrangement. 
Although from these investigations I do not venture to decide 
upon its systematic affinities, still, by describing the production 
of the spores to which so much importance is attached, I hope 
at least to adduce facts which may bring us nearer the truth. I 
would willingly have added the development of the anthers at the 
same time, on which numerous but not conclusive observations 
have been made; but as the time has arrived at which these 
* Translated from the Botanische Zeitung for June 12 and 19, 1845. 
