Botanical Notices from Spain. 421 
finally took leave of Granada, and on the 20th of August set out on 
my journey to the kingdom of Jaen and the Sierra Morena. From 
the advanced season, the vegetation, especially in the lowlands, was 
for the most part already dried up, and the harvest was consequently 
much less than in the previous months. But I scarcely think, if at 
least I can judge from the remains of the spring flora, that this portion 
of Andalusia presents any very rich or rare vegetation. Only a small 
part of the province of Jaen belongs to Upper Andalusia ; the larger 
portion consists of a lowland watered by the Guadalquivir, and bears 
throughout the character of Lower Andalusia. ‘The most southern 
part of the province of Jaen is covered with a limestone range, whose 
loftiest chain forms a concave half-circle to the north, which stretches 
out from Jaen in an eastward direction as far as the frontiers of 
the kingdom of Murcia, and is intersected by the deep valley of the 
Guadiana Menor, which is formed by the rivers of Huescar, Guadix 
and Baza, and is the first important tributary stream which the Gua- 
dalquivir receives, as well as by the Rio de Jaen which issues from 
the most northern part of the Montes de Granada. By these two 
rivers the above-described circle of mountain-chains is divided into 
three parts ; the central one of which appears to be the highest, and 
is called the Sierra de Huelma; the western one on the-contrary 
forms the Sierra de Jaen, and the eastern one the Sierra de Cazorla. 
This district of steep mountains, whose greatest height can scarcely 
exceed 6000 feet, forms the southern limit of the immense, broad, 
and flat valley of the Guadalquivir, which runs from east to west 
through the centre of the province of Jaen. On the north this wide 
valley is bounded by the Sierra Morena. 
As soon as the Rio Cubillas has been crossed, the traveller quits 
the charming road to Granada, and passing through a copse-wood of 
Quercus Ilex, soon comes to the valley of the Rio de Benaltia, which 
divides the Sierra del Annar, where it rises from the Sierra del Mor- 
rén,—two mountains of inconsiderable height, for the most part co- 
vered with Lavandula Spica, which lie between the mountain-chains 
of Jaen and the Montes de Granada. On grassy spots of the above- 
mentioned oak-wood flowered Stellera Passerina, L., in profusion, 
and also Achillea Ageratum, L., Cleonia lusitanica, L., Echium pus- 
tulatum, Sibth., and in the valley of the Rio de Benaltia the gigantic 
Eichium Lagasce, Boiss., which I had already met with in the neigh- 
bourhood of Granada at the foot of the Sierra de Alfacar, and which 
occurs in all the watered valleys of the kingdom of Jaen, as well as 
in the plains of the Guadalquivir and the lowest valleys of the 
Sierra Morena in tolerable abundance. Between the villages of 
Calomera and Benalia I remarked Cynara alba, Boiss., and Mentha 
Pulegium, L., which is extremely common on moist spots of the 
mountain-region throughout the whole kingdom, and especially in 
the Sierra Morena. Soon after passing the village of Benaliia you 
enter the kingdom of Jaen, and after crossing a mountain-ridge ar- 
rive at the village of Campillos de Arenas, which lies at the foot of 
the irregular Sierra de Arenas, which is partly wooded with pines, 
and is a branch of the above-described mountain-chain of Jaen. On 
