Botanical Notices from Spain. 423 
Silybum Marianum, Notobasis syriaca, Cynara horrida, Onopordon 
illyricum, Echinops strigosus grow here luxuriantly. With this 
gypsum formation is connected a hilly land consisting of limestone, 
which possesses a rich flora and extends to the mouth of the 
Guadiana Menor. Here I observed Aristolochia longa, Anthyllis 
cytisoides, Genista ramosissima, Teucrium pseudochamepitys, Scabiosa 
stellata, Crucianella angustifolia, Leuzea conifera, Atractylis humilis, 
Linum suffruticosum, Coris monspeliensis, Campanula Erinus, Minuartia 
montana and Ele@oselinum Lagasce, Boiss., in fruit. The banks of the 
Guadalquivir are for the most part bordered by oleander, pistachio, 
and tamarisk bushes, beneath which Cynanchum monspeliacum, L., 
occurs in tolerable plenty. The right bank of the Guadalquivir 
consists of alluvial soil, which in the country around the towns of 
Baéza and Ubeda is partly planted with vines and olives. In the 
environs of both places occur Ammi Visnaga, l.., in immense quan- 
tities, and on dry spots between Ubeda and the river the pretty 
Heliotropium supinum, L., in company with Crozophora tinctoria and 
Momordica Elaterium. 
I now turn to the vegetation of the Sierra Morena, whither I 
journeyed from Ubeda, and which I have traversed in its full extent 
from the limits of Murcia as far as the frontiers of Portugal and to 
the mouth of the Guadiana, a distance of sixty-two German miles. 
I know no mountain-chain in Spain, which, in such a length and 
breadth (the average breadth may be taken at least at eight German 
miles), possesses such an immense uniform vegetation, but which 
differs in the different formations. I therefore consider it necessary 
to give first of all a brief geognostical survey, before proceeding to 
the general characteristics of the vegetation in the Sierra Morena. 
The Sierra Morena is of no great height, its highest point scarcely 
reaching 5000 feet, and that of its broad and greater portion only 
2-3000 feet. It is distinguished by its peculiar character, as well as 
by its thick forests, from ail the other mountain-chains of Andalusia, 
whose northern limits it forms, while it covers a large portion of the 
provinces of Jaen, Cordoba, Seville, and Huelva. Before I pass to 
the geognostical description of this mountain-chain, it may be well 
to give briefly my route over it. 
From Ubeda I went in a north-easterly direction to the village of 
San Esteban del Puerto, which lies near the frontiers of Murcia, and 
from hence north-east to the Venta de Cardenas on the road to Ma- 
drid, close to the limits of the Mancha, upon which I went south- 
wards through the Puerto de Despenaperros to Carolina. After a 
stay of several days in this city I journeyed on, following the road 
to Andujar, and then went down the valley of the Guadalquivir to 
Montoro, where this river intersects the lowest part of the Sierra 
Morena, and enters the lowlands of the province of Cordoba. From 
Montoro I again turned northwards into the mountain-chain as far 
as Villanueva de Cordoba, from whence I travelled in a north-easterly 
direction towards the baths of Fuencaliente in the Mancha, From 
thence I went westwards to the little town of Pozo-Blanco, and 
then through the whole of the Sierra in a south-westerly direction 
