426 Botanical Notices from Spain. 
German miles, and covers frequently whole square miles exclusively. 
Next to this Cistus occurs most plentifully Phillyrea angustifolia, L., 
Rosmarinus officinalis, L., and Helianthemum glutinosum?, less fre- 
quent Adenocarpus Telonensis, Gay, Cistus crispus, C’. albidus, C. mons- 
peliensis, Erica arborea, Genista ramosissima, Daphne Gnidium, 
Pistacia Terebinthus and others. On the northern and eastern slopes 
of the valleys occurs especially Arbutus Unedo, L., and on the banks 
of the rivulets and rivers Nerium Oleander, Pisiacia Lentiscus, Salix 
cinerea, L.., Rosa canina and Rubi, interlaced with wild vines. Of trees, 
there grow luxuriantly on this formation and very plentifully, Quercus 
Ilex, Qu. Ballota, the first most frequently of shrubby growth, and in 
the eastern part of the mountain-chain Qu. Suber. The following are 
to be regarded as trees peculiar to this formation: Frazxinus excelsior, 
L., Acer monspessulanum, L., and Alnus glutinosa, L., which however 
occur only in the deep river-valleys, as for example in the valley of 
the Rio Magaha which runs through the Puerto de Despeftaperros, 
in the valleys of the Rio Cuzua and Guadabarbo in the province of 
Cordoba, and in the valleys of the Cala Ribera, Huelva Ribera and 
Rio Tinto in the province of Huelva :—in addition, Phillyrea media, 
L., which I have met with only in two places in the valley of the 
Guadalea, between 8. Estaban del Puerto and Aldea Quemada, and 
in the valley of the Huelva Ribera, Of shrubby plants, Cistus lau- 
rifolius, L., and Helianthemum atriplicifolium, W., which oceur be- 
tween the two river-valleys of the Cuzua and Guadabarbo, alone ap- 
_ pear to be peculiar to this formation. Finally the graywacke formation 
possesses a portion of herbaceous plants, mostly rock-plants, as for 
example Digitalis Mariana, Boiss., clearly distinguished by its white 
woolly leaves and other characters from D. purpurea, and Brassica 
longirostris, Boiss., which grow luxuriantly on almost all the rocks 
of this formation, but most frequently and abundantly on the colossal 
rocks of the celebrated Puerto de Despenaperros. Here occur more- 
over Jasione foliosa, Cav., forming thick beds, J. montana, L., Um- 
bilicus hispidus, DC., U. pendulinus, DC., Sedum amplewicaule, DC., 
Trivago Apula, Erysimum canescens, Roth., Lychnis dioica, L., two 
inks, one with capitate flowers, Phagnalon Lagasce, DC., Rumex 
pulcher, L., Poterium mauritanicum, Boiss., Campanula Rapunculus, 
L., Ruscus aculeatus, L., Geranium lucidum, L., &c. In addition 
throughout the eastern and central graywacke chain occurs very fre- 
quent the pretty Eryngium tenue, Lam., which was apparently already 
off flower, as most of the above-named rock-plants had long been. 
On the margins of streams I observed frequent Hypericum beticum, 
Boiss., and H. perforatum, L. 
2. Granite formation.—This is characterized by its extraordinary 
sterility, and is covered partly with extensive forests of Quercus Ilex 
and Qu. Ballota, partly with a very poor and sparing underwood, for 
the most part of shrubby Qu. J/er, mingled with Cistus ladaniferus, 
Phillyrea angustifolia and Arbutus Unedo. Characteristic of this 
formation are Retama spherocarpa, Boiss., and a Pyrus (P. eriopleura? 
Rchb.). In the environs of the numerous villages lying in this 
barren and dry high table-land I observed Verbena supina, Clus., 
