Botanical Notices from Spain. 427 
and Xanthium spinosum, L., in plenty, less frequent Heliotropium su- 
pinum, L., and in vineyards about the hamlet El Viso de los Pedro- 
ches, the pretty Cleome violacea, L., still in flower. 
3. Sand and Schleifstein formation.—This is characterized by an 
unusually luxuriant and variously composed shrubby vegetation, 
which is however in the Schieifstein and white sandstone formation 
richer in trees than in the eastern red sandstone formation, and, espe- 
cially in the country of Cordoba, frequently alternating with copses 
of Pinus Pinea,L. Here occurs also Quercus Suber plentifully, and 
also Qu. Ilex and Qu. Ballota. The underwood consists especially 
of Qu. pseudococcifera, Desf., Qu. lusitanica a. faginea, Olea europea 
var. sylvestris, Viburnum Tinus and Myrtus communis, and also almost 
all the shrubs of the graywacke formation, especially C. ladaniferus, 
but variously intermixed. | 
4. Arenisca quarzosa.—The above-described most northern moun. 
tain-chains of the Sierra Morena are also for the most part covered 
with shrubs, which are very varied and characterized by the occur- 
rence of Cistus populifolius, L., and a shrubby Helianthemum, which 
resembles the H. halimifolium, L., but is clearly distinguished from 
it by numerous smaller and channeled leaves. In this formation is 
also found Crategus monogyna in great profusion. I have not ob- 
served any trees in this part of the mountain-chain, with the exception 
of Qu. Ilex and Qu. Ballota. On the rocks a Jasione is plentiful, form- 
ing beds; it seems to be different from J. foliosa, Cav., but unfortu- 
nately was already quite dried up. 
_ 5. Most Western part of the Sierra Morena.—Although this for 
the most part consists of graywacke, its vegetation is very dif. 
ferent from that of the rest of the graywacke range, and its un- 
derwood extremely varied, on which account I must speak here par- 
ticularly of this division of the mountain-chain. C. ladaniferus still 
continues to form the chief portion of the shrubby vegetation, which 
occupies large tracts as far as the sea; but besides this occur C. po« 
pulifolius, L., and almost all the shrubs of the above-described for- 
mations in abundance, as well as all the trees, especially Qu. Suber, 
which forms large woods with Qu. Ballota and Pinus Pinea, L. Of 
shrubs, which I had not before observed in the other parts of the 
mountain-chain, I found Helianthemum halimifolium, L., (the Helian- 
themum mentioned in the preceding formation also occurs here and 
there,) Teucrium fruticans, L., Erica umbellata, L., and lastly two 
shrubs peculiar to the south-west of Andalusia and Portugal in great 
plenty, namely Genista tridentata, L., and Ulex genistoides, Brot. At 
Villanueva de los Castillejos our common Calluna vulgaris is plen- 
tiful, and was just in full flower. 
In moist lowlands, throughout the whole range, but especially in 
the eastern and central part, occurs a thorny shrub with virgate 
branches and small elliptical coriaceous leaves, in very great abun- 
dance, which appears to belong to the Rhamnacee (I have found 
neither flowers nor fruit), as well as Mentha Pulegium, M. rotundi- 
folia, a Senecio, and a Pulicaria with very small heads of flowers. 
On clayey soil, especially of the granite formation, Tanacetum annuum, 
2G2 
