474 Botanical Notices from Java. 
high, and alternate with numerous species of ferns, from two to ten 
feet high. Amongst the last, Aspidium neriiforme, Sw., is espe- 
eially striking, with beautiful lanceolate foliage, which is elongated 
in a very peculiar manner, and winds about the trees almost like 
acord. Here and there from the tops of the trees hangs down a 
string of Cissus 100 feet long, which is imbedded in young Junger- 
manni@ and mosses, and the enormous circumference of which (some- 
times as thick as a man’s thigh) excites astonishment. 
This was the character of the forest vegetation which surrounded 
us, as we ascended on the N.N.W. acclivity of the Panggerango. 
From the great cleft which lay on our right proceeded the hollow 
rushing noise of the rivulet, and from the tops of the trees came 
the lovely song of a bird, whose well-known notes we listened to 
with delight, for it was the mountain-songster of Java, the Muscicapa 
cantatrix, which here welcomed us in its native habitat. 
As we ascended, some of the little plants with which we had be- 
come acquainted since our entrance from the coffee-plantations into 
the woods disappeared ; Scutellaria indica, which does not grow at 
a height exceeding 5000 feet, disappeared the first; Ardisia coc- 
cinea, Begonia repanda and robusta also soon vanished, and these 
were gradually followed by the species of Calamus, Areca glanduli- 
formis and Aspidium neriiforme. But in their places we observed 
Polypodium Dipteris (which we had before met with at Tapos, and 
previously on the lake of Telaga-Bodas), but above all Freycinetie 
(Fr. insignis, Bl. and others), which, reaching their maximum 
at a height of between 5000 and 6000 feet, principally determine 
the physiognomy of the interior of the woods in this region; for 
on almost all the trees they climb in spiral windings, concealing 
the stems as it were under the weight of their fasciculate leaves, 
which resemble the leafy crowns of the Pandane or Ananasse. Not 
less characteristic of the interior of the woods of this region is an 
arborescent Araliaceous plant, namely Hedera aromatica, DC., whose 
wide-spreading branches, extending thirty feet in length, which 
unite below in a very short stem, and are crowned with leaves and 
panicles of flowers only at their extremities, attract the wanderer’s 
eye. Isolated, occurs a very peculiar species of Pandanus*, whose 
dark green tufts of leaves rise directly at the ends of a slender 
stem thirty feet high and quite perpendicular, as if trying to imitate 
a palm-tree, or emulating the tree-ferns (Cyathea polycarpa and 
oligocarpa, Jgh.) which rise not less slender and palm-like in its 
vicinity. At times the circular Asplenium Nidus-avis is seen adhering 
to such a Pandanus stem, which perforates it in the centre, so that 
twofold and threefold crowns rise one above another on the stem, the 
uppermost of which however are easily recognised as the leaves of 
the Pandanus, and the lower ones by their light pisang-green as the 
whorl of leaves of the Asplenium. 
Beneath the loftier trees (Fagree, Acacia Saltuum, &c. have dis- 
appeared) which compose the forest in this region, that is to say, 
* It was barren, and could not therefore be more closely determined. 
