492 Geological Society. 
its shores covered with basking reptiles *, and the adjacent lands 
waving with cardomums and palms, and thuias and cypresses, with 
monkeys vaulting and gamboling upon their branches, and gigantic 
serpents entwined around their trunks; the seas also swarming with 
sting-rays and saw-fishes, with chimeras and enormous sharks? for 
all these together with countless shells of pearly nautili occur among 
the fossil remains of the numerous extinct species of fishes, which, 
during the early ages of the tertiary period, crowded the tepid seas 
of our now humid and chilling climate. j 
Mr. Owen has also determined the character of a new genus of 
Pachydermatous animal (Hyracotherium) intermediate between the 
Hyrax, hog, and Cheropotamus, found in the London clay at Herne 
Bay, near Margate, by Mr. Richardson. 
Mr. Lyell having submitted to Mr. Owen some fossil teeth from 
the Red Crag of Newbourne in Suffolk, they proved to be refer- 
rible to the leopard, bear, hog, and a large kind of deer, and afford 
the first example of mammalian remains being found in England 
in any of those divisions of the Crag which Mr. Lyell, in a paper 
already alluded to, has ascribed to the Miocene period; these ge- 
nera are known to occur in the Miocene formations of France and 
Germany. The numerous Mammalia in the fluvio-marine crag of 
Norwich, are decidedly of a later date; among these Mr. Lyell 
enumerates the teeth and jaw of Mastodon longirostris, a tusk of an 
elephant with serpule attached, and bones of a horse, hog, and field- 
mouse ; there occur bones of birds, many fishes, and numerous shells, 
partly marine, and partly freshwater and terrestrial. 
The recent discoveries in Brazil by Dr. Lund of extinct Mam- 
malia, that probably lived in some late portion of the tertiary 
epochs, form a new and important chapter in Paleontology. The 
largest of these are referrible to more gigantic forms than at present 
exist of families now peculiar to South America—e. g. to Sloths 
and Armadillos ; just as most of the fossil mammalia of New Holland 
belong to families and genera which are still peculiar to that country. 
In a paper on one of these animals from Buenos Ayres, Mr. Owen 
has shown that the bony armour, which several authors have referred 
to the Megatherium, belongs to the Glyptodon, an animal allied to 
the Armadillo, and of which a head containing teeth, and attached 
to a tessellated bony covering of the body and tail, resembling 
those of an Armadillo, has been lately found near Buenos Ayres, 
and is figured by Sir Woodbine Parish in his interesting work on 
that country, 1838. 
The Glyptodon differed from the Megatherium in the structure 
and number of the teeth, and from all known Armadillos in the 
form of the lower jaw, and the presence of a long process descend- 
ing from the zygoma; and approached in both these respects to the 
Megatherium. The teeth differ from those of Armadillos, in ha- 
ving two deep grooves both on the outer and inner surface, are more 
complex than those of any known Edentate, and indicate a passage 
from that family into the Toxodon. The ungueal phalanges are 
* This stands in striking contrast to the supposed Glacial period.—Eprr. 
