ORGANIZATION OF THE SCIENCES 



of adaptation which structures and functions 

 undergo as the conditions of existence change 

 from epoch to epoch. The first of these studies 

 gives rise to the sciences of anatomy and phy- 

 siology, as well as to the subsidiary science of 

 pathology. On the other hand Biogeny com- 

 prises embryology, morphology, and questions 

 relating to the origin of species. Psychology 

 too admits of a similar division, into the depart- 

 ment which embraces the laws of association, as 

 generalized by James Mill and further illus- 

 trated by Mr. Bain ; and Psychogeny, which en- 

 deavours to interpret the genesis of intellectual 

 faculties and emotional feelings in the race, and 

 their slow modification throughout countless 

 generations. 



Finally in Sociology this principle of two- 

 fold division is so manifest that for the past 

 thirty years the distinction has been currently, 

 though too vaguely, drawn between " social 

 statics " and " social dynamics." Obviously 

 we may either study the phenomena arising 

 from social aggregation, as they are manifested 

 under any given set of conditions ; or we may 

 study the phenomena of progress manifested in 

 the relations of each epoch to preceding and 

 succeeding epochs. In the first case we have 

 the sub-sciences of political economy, ethics, 

 jurisprudence, etc. ; in the second case we have 

 Sociogeny, or the so-called " science of history." 

 S3 



