I 



TWO OBJECTIONS CONSIDERED 



therium is simply a more ancient hipparion. 

 As Professor Huxley observes : " The process 

 by which Anchitherium has been converted into 

 Equus is one of specialization, or of more and 

 more complete deviation from what might be 

 called the average form of an ungulate mam- 

 mal. In the horses, the reduction of some parts 

 of the limbs, together with the special modifi- 

 cation of these which are left, is carried to a 

 greater extent than in any other hoofed mam- 

 mals. The reduction is less and the specializa- 

 tion is less in the hipparion, and still less in the 

 anchitherium ; but yet, as compared with other 

 mammals, the reduction and specialization of 

 parts in the anchitherium remain great." ^ But 

 as we go back still farther into the Eocene 

 epoch, we find Plagiolophus, a genus intermedi- 

 ate between the horse and the agouti, in which 

 the reduction and specialization of parts is still 

 less. Here, where the exploration has been 

 relatively complete, the intermediate forms are 

 so numerous as to leave no doubt whatever as 

 to the genetic kinship.^ And similarly of the 



^ Critiques and Addresses y Tp. 195. 



2 I may add that, in particular, numerous extinct forms 

 intercalary between man and ape are likely to be discovered 

 when we search for them in those parts of the earth where they 

 are Ukely to exist, — namely, in Africa, Madagascar, South- 

 eastern Asia, and the Malay Archipelago. Such forms are 

 not Hkely, however, to be directly intermediate between man 

 and the gorilla or the chimpanzee. For these are probably 



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