COSMIC PHILOSOPHY 



nomena which may be classed as super-organic, 

 and using introspective observation as one of 

 its main implements of inquiry, it is no more 

 than any other an absolutely independent sci- 

 ence. Since the phenomena of Mind are never 

 manifested to us save in connection with the 

 phenomena of Life, and since the same general 

 formula expresses the fundamental character- 

 istics of the two groups of phenomena, it fol- 

 lows that no complete science of psychology 

 can be constituted without the aid of biology. 

 The conclusions reached by the analysis of sub- 

 jective states must be shown to be in harmony 

 with the conclusions reached by the synthesis 

 of objective phenomena, before the scientific in- 

 terpretation of Mind can be regarded as entirely 

 satisfactory. The force of this statement be- 

 comes at once apparent, when we recollect that 

 introspective observation can inform us only 

 concerning the mental processes which go on in 

 adult civilized men. In order to understand 

 the genesis of these mental processes, we need 

 the assistance of objective psychology and of 

 nervous physiology; we need to compare the 

 mental processes observed in adult civilized 

 men, with the mental processes observed or in- 

 ferred in civilized children, in adult barbarians, 

 and in the lower animals, down to those hum- 

 ble organisms in which the phenomena of in- 

 telligence first become differentiated from the 

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