LIFE AND MIND 



ihenomena of organic life. The immense ad- 

 ''ance which has been made in mental science 

 [uring the past forty years has been mainly due 

 to the practical recognition of this fact. Trea- 

 tises on psychology are no longer solely based 

 pon an analysis of what happens when " I see 

 fthe inkstand/' although analyses of this' sort 

 are still, as is here maintained, indispensable. 

 The nervous system, in its ascending complica- 

 tions from the amphioxus to man, is now taken 

 into the account. The normal variations in 

 psychical manifestation, in the various human 

 ices, from childhood to old age, are taken into 

 'the account. The abnormal variations caused 

 by stimulants and narcotics, as well as those ex- 

 libited in epilepsy, insanity, and other forms 

 !of nervous disease, are taken into the account. 

 And careful investigations into the ways - in 

 which different organisms respond to external 

 rstimuli, show us that the lower forms of psy- 

 chical activity are no longer neglected. While 

 [the analysis of complex mental operations has 

 ■been pushed to an extent which until lately 

 [would have been deemed impracticable, on the 

 iother hand the sub-science of psychogeny, deal- 

 ing with the origin of the various manifestations 

 ►f mental activity, has arisen to coordinate im- 

 portance with subjective psychology. It has 

 [become generally recognized that — inefface- 

 able as is the distinction between the pheno- 



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