LIFE AND MIND 



more special mode of response to environing 

 agencies known as reflex action. In the lower 

 vertebrata the integration of numerous adjacent 

 ganglia into a medulla, having connections with 

 various parts of the organism, renders possible 

 a much more perfectly coordinated series of re- 

 sponses to external stimuli. And at the same 

 time the development of a pair of pedunculated 

 ganglia from the upper portion of the medulla 

 is attended by the ability to compound the im- 

 pressions which the medulla receives ; so that 

 it becomes possible for the correspondences to 

 extend in space and time. As we ascend through 

 the vertebrate sub-kingdom, the growth of these 

 pedunculated ganglia — the cerebrum and cere- 

 bellum — becomes more and more the predomi- 

 nant characteristic of the nervous system ; and 

 at the same time the power of adjusting inner 

 relations to remote, special, and complex rela- 

 tions increases. Finally when we come to man, 

 in whom the correspondences have reached a 

 marvellous degree of heterogeneity, extent, and 

 definiteness, we find not only that the relational 

 system of organs is the dominant fact in his or- 

 ganization, but also that the system of pedun- 

 culated cephalic ganglia is the dominant fact in 

 the relational system of organs. Not only is 

 the nutritive life quite subordinated to the spe- 

 cially relational life, but the lower modes of the 

 relational life, such as reflex action and instinct, 

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