LIFE AND MIND 



cephalic ganglia, rendering possible the com- 

 pounding of ideal representations of objects and 

 relations not present to sense, increases to an 

 enormous degree the speciality of the adjust- 

 ments. Such special adjustments are seen in the 

 cases of " the lion that goes to the river-side at 

 dusk to lie in wait for creatures coming to drink, 

 and the house-dog standing outside the door in 

 expectation that some one will presently open 

 it." But the increase in speciality of adjustment 

 is most conspicuously exemplified in the pro- 

 gress of the human race ; as is seen by contrast- 

 ing the savage who sharpens his arrows in ex- 

 pectation of the periodic flight of certain birds, 

 with the astronomer who at a given day, hour, 

 and minute adjusts his telescope to watch a 

 transit of Venus. 



In the Ufe of the highest animals, and espe- 

 cially in the life of the human race, character- 

 ized as it is by the predominant activity of the 

 great cephalic ganglia, there is witnessed an in- 

 crease in the generality of the correspondence, 

 parallel with the increase in speciality. As this 

 topic falls almost entirely within the province of 

 sociology, the illustration of it must be reserved 

 for a future chapter. Let it here suffice to re- 

 call the fact, already mentioned (Part I. chapter 

 viii.), that the progress of human knowledge has 

 all along been equally characterized by analysis 

 and by synthesis, — by the differentiation im- 

 137 



