THE COMPOSITION OF MIND 



cognition of certain other states as painful or 

 desirable to expel from consciousness. Thus in 

 practical experience emotions are, in however 

 slight a degree, inseparably associated with per- 

 ceptions and inferences, as the vague, internally 

 initiated feelings accompanying the definite pe- 

 ripheral feelings in the classifying of which the 

 perceptions and inferences consist. 



Looking back now over the region already 

 traversed, we find that we have passed in review 

 a large number of mental operations which dif- 

 fer immensely in complexity, some of them be- 

 ing performed only by the most highly educated 

 adult civilized men, while others are performed 

 habitually by children, barbarians, and numer- 

 ous animals inferior to man. Yet, amid all this 

 diversity, our analysis has detected a fundamen- 

 tal unity. In spite of their vast differences in 

 complexity, we have seen that all these mental 

 operations are ultimately made up of the same 

 psychical process. The grouping of the rela- 

 tions among feelings is the elementary act which 

 is repeated alike in each simple and direct act 

 of perception, and in each complicated and in- 

 direct act of ratiocination. At the present stage 

 of our analysis, therefore, the ultimate elements 

 of mind would seem to h^ feelings and the rela- 

 tions between feelings. It remains to add that 

 relations themselves must be secondary feelings 

 due to the bringingtogether of primary feelings. 

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