ILLUSTRATIONS AND CRITICISMS 



occupations begin by being military and end by 

 being industrial, or in the incorrect formula that 

 men's conceptions of the world begin by being 

 anthropomorphic and end by being positive ; 

 nor is it true that the former change is deter- 

 mined by the latter. We need to add the for- 

 mula that men's feelings begin by being almost 

 purely egoistic and must end by being altruistic 

 to a considerably greater extent than will suffice 

 to prevent individual interests from clashing. 

 And even with all three formulas before us, we 

 need something more before we can say that 

 we have obtained the Law of Progress. These 

 formulas are historical generalizations of great 

 value ; but as thus announced, they are too iso- 

 lated with respect to each other. The progress 

 of society is not moral progress, or intellectual 

 progress, or material progress ; but it is the 

 combination of all the three. Our three for- 

 mulas, therefore, must be integrated in a single 

 formula. And this is done, and satisfactorily 

 done, when it is shown that they are all involved 

 in that law of adaptation or adjustment which 

 underlies sociology, as well as psychology and 

 biology. 



That the progress from egoism to altruism is 

 involved in that fundamental law was proved 

 in the preceding chapter, and has been illustrated 

 throughout the whole of this discussion. But 

 the law of adaptation equally involves the pro- 



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