COSMIC PHILOSOPHY 



meanings of our words. Zoologically, the Aus- 

 tralian belongs to the genus Homo^ and is there- 

 fore nearer to us than to the gorilla or gibbon ; 

 psychologically, he is in many respects further 

 removed from us than from these man-like 

 apes. No one will deny that the intellectual 

 progress implied in counting up to five or six, 

 though equally important, is immeasurably in- 

 ferior in quantity to the subsequent progress 

 implied in the solution of dynamical problems 

 by means of the integral calculus, — an achieve- 

 ment to which the average modern engineer is 

 competent. But in going back to the primeval 

 man we must descend to a lower grade of in- 

 telligence than that which is occupied by the 

 Austrahan. We must traverse the immensely 

 long period during which the average human 

 skull was enlarging from a capacity of thirty- 

 five inches, like that of the highest apes, to a 

 capacity of seventy inches, like those post-gla- 

 cial European skulls of which the one found at 

 Neanderthal is a specimen, and which are about 

 on a par with the skulls of Australians. And 

 when we have reached the beginning of this 

 period — possibly in the Miocene epoch — we 

 may fairly represent to ourselves the individuals 

 of the human genus as animals differing in little 

 save a more marked sociality from the dryopi- 

 thecus and other extinct half-human apes. We 

 may represent primitive man as an animal in 

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