COSMIC PHILOSOPHY 



things ; while each more successful operation on 

 things has, by its results, facilitated the discovery 

 of further laws." Hence the sciences and arts, 

 originating together, — as in the cases of " as- 

 tronomy and agriculture, geometry and the lay- 

 ing out of buildings, mechanics and the weigh- 

 ing of commodities," — have all along reacted 

 upon each other, in an increasing variety of 

 ways. It is sufficient to mention the reciprocal 

 connections between navigation and astronomy, 

 between geology and mining, between chemis- 

 try and all the arts ; while telescopes and micro- 

 scopes illustrate the truth that " there is scarcely 

 an observation now made in science, but what 

 involves the use of instruments supplied by the 

 arts ; while there is scarcely an art process but 

 what involves some of the previsions of science." 

 Just as in organic evolution we find the mutual 

 dependence of the directive and executive facul- 

 ties ever increasing, so that " complete visual 

 and tactual perceptions are impossible without 

 complex muscular adjustments, while elaborate 

 actions require the constant overseeing of the 

 senses," so in social evolution we find between 

 science and art an increasing reciprocity " such 

 that each further cognition implies elaborate 

 operative aid, and each new operation implies 

 sundry elaborate cognitions." I need only add 

 that, in this as in the other aspects of intellec- 

 tual progress, the increase in complexity of ad- 



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