COSMIC PHILOSOPHY 



development of life in all its modes, physical 

 and psychical, was not sufficiently advanced, 

 in Kant's day, to be adopted into philosophy. 

 Hence in his treatment of the mind, as regards 

 both intelligence and emotion, Kant took what 

 may be called a statical view of the subject ; 

 and finding in the adult civilized mind, upon 

 the study of which his systems of psychology 

 and ethics were founded, a number of organ- 

 ized moral intuitions and an organized moral 

 sense, which urges men to seek the right and 

 to shun the wrong, irrespective of utilitarian 

 considerations of pleasure and pain, he pro- 

 ceeded to deal with these moral intuitions and 

 this moral sense as if they were ultimate facts, 

 incapable of being analyzed into simpler emo- 

 tional elements. Now as the following exposi- 

 tion may look like a defence of utilitarianism, 

 it being really my intention to show that utili- 

 tarianism in the deepest and widest sense is 

 the ethical philosophy imperatively required by 

 the facts, it is well to state, at the outset, that the 

 existence of a moral sense and moral intuitions 

 in civilized man is fully granted. It is admitted 

 that civilized man possesses a complex group 

 of emotions, leading him to seek the right and 

 avoid the wrong, without any reference to con- 

 siderations of utility — and I disagree entirely 

 with those utilitarian disciples of Locke, who 

 would apparently refer these ethical emotions to 

 1 06 



