GENESIS OF MAN, MORALLY 



race of brute animals, the foregoing considera- 

 tions would be sufficient. But in the so-called 

 utilitarian theory as it is now to be expounded, 

 the well-being of the community, even when 

 incompatible with that of the individual, is the 

 all-important consideration. While the actions 

 deemed pleasurable are those which conduce to 

 the fulness of life of the Individual, the actions 

 deemed right are those which conduce to the 

 fuhiess of life of the Community. And while 

 the actions deemed painful are those which de- 

 tract from the fulness of life of the Individual, 

 the actions deemed wrong are those which de- 

 tract from the fulness of life of the Community. 

 According to utilitarianism, therefore, as here 

 expounded, the conduct approved as moral is 

 the disinterested service of the community, and 

 the conduct stigmatized as immoral is the self- 

 ish preference of individual interests to those 

 of the community. And bearing in mind that 

 the community, which primevally comprised 

 only the little tribe, has by long-continued so- 

 cial integration come to comprise the entire hu- 

 man race, we have the ultimate theorem of the 

 utilitarian philosophy, as properly understood, 

 that actions morally right are those which are 

 beneficial to Humanity, while actions morally 

 wrong are those which are detrimental to Hu- 

 manity. 



Are we to maintain, then, that when we ap- 

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