GENESIS OF MAN, MORALLY 



the limits of the tribe, then the tribe must suc- 

 cumb in the struggle for existence to other 

 tribes in which treachery was forbidden ; and 

 that, by a gradual organization of such induc- 

 tions from experience, our moral sense has slowly 

 arisen? This position is no more tenable than 

 the other. Mr. Richard Hutton and Mr. St. 

 George Mivart would seem to have attributed 

 to Mr. Spencer some such doctrine. But Mr. 

 Spencer is too profound a thinker to ignore so 

 completely the conditions under which perma- 

 nent emotional states are generated. Our moral 

 sense has arisen in no such way. But to under- 

 stand the way in which it has arisen, we must 

 recur to our fundamental problem, and seek 

 for the conditions which first enabled social evo- 

 lution, as distinguished from organic evolution, 

 to start upon its career. 



It is now time to propose an answer to the 

 question, already twice suggested and partly 

 answered, How did social evolution originate? 

 Starting from the researches of Sir Henry 

 Maine, which are supported by those of Messrs. 

 Tylor, M'Lennan, and Lubbock, we have come 

 to the conclusion that it originated when fami- 

 lies, temporarily organized among all the higher 

 gregarious mammals, became in the case of the 

 highest mammal permanently organized. Start- 

 ing from the deductions of Mr. Wallace, we 

 have seen reason for believing that civilization 

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