GENESIS OF MAN, MORALLY 



shows, a baboon has been known to risk his life 

 to save that of a comrade ; and the higher apes 

 habitually take under their care young orphans 

 of their own species. It is evident that this power 

 of sympathy must be strengthened and further 

 developed when a number of individuals are 

 brought into closer and more enduring relation- 

 ships, even though these come far short of what, 

 from our modern ethical standard, would be 

 termed loving. Affection in the savage clan is 

 but partially preventive of fiendish cruelty ; yet 

 there is an ability in the members to understand 

 each other's feelings, and there is a desire for 

 the approbation of fellow clansmen. Kinship in 

 blood, as well as community of pursuits and in- 

 terests, promotes these feelings. Even to-day 

 we can usually understand the mental habits, de- 

 sires, and repugnances of our own immediate 

 kindred better than we can understand those of 

 other people unrelated to us, even though cir- 

 cumstances may now and then have led us to 

 prefer the society of the latter. We can more 

 readily admire their excellences and condone 

 their faults, for their faults and excellences are 

 likely to be in a measure our own. 



Given this rudimentary capacity of sympathy, 

 we can see how family integration must alter and 

 complicate the emotional incentives to action. 

 While the individual may still exercise his brute- 

 like predatory instincts upon strangers and lower 

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