GENESIS OF MAN, MORALLY 



established at birth in each individual, just as 

 the tendency of the viscera to perform their 

 several functions is preestablished, all that is 

 required in addition being simply the direct 

 stimulus of outward physical opportunity. And 

 the psychical life of such an animal we call purely 

 instinctive or automatic. In such an animal the 

 organized experience of the race counts for 

 everything, the experience of the individual for 

 nothing, save as contributing its mite towards 

 the cumulated experience of the race. But in 

 an animal whose relations with its environment 

 are very complex, resulting in an experience 

 which is necessarily varied to a considerable ex- 

 tent from generation to generation, the com- 

 binations of acts requisite for supporting life 

 must occur severally with far less frequency 

 than in the case of the lower animal just con- 

 sidered. Hence the tendency to perform any 

 particular group of these actions will not be com- 

 pletely established at birth in each individual, 

 like the tendency of the viscera to perform their 

 several functions. On the other hand, there 

 will be a multitude of conflicting tendencies, 

 and it will be left for the circumstances subse- 

 quent to birth to determine which groups of 

 tendencies shall be carried out into action. The 

 psychical life of such an animal is no longer 

 purely automatic or instinctive. A portion of 

 its life is spent in giving direction to its future 



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