CONTENTS. 



FIRST PART. 



PAGE 



List of Illustrations, . . . . . . . . . . xvii-xxix 



INTRODUCTION. 



Knowledge possessed by the Ancients concerning the Ocean, its Saltness and its Inhabitants — 

 Researches during the Middle Ages, the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries — The 

 Expeditions of the Eighteenth, and the Arctic and Antarctic Expeditions of the early part of the 

 Nineteenth Century — The " Lightning " and " Porcupine " Expeditions — Correspondence between 

 the Royal Society and the Admiralty with reference to the investigation of the Great Ocean Basins, xxxi-liv 



CHAPTER I. 



Selection of H.M.S. Challenger — Her Fittings — Description of the Decks, Workrooms, and 

 Laboratories — List of Officers— Departure from Sheerness — Arrival at Portsmouth — Appendices, . 1-45 



CHAPTER II. 



Departure from Portsmouth — Sounding and Dredging — Arrival at Lisbon — Soundings and 

 Dredgings off the Tagus — Gibraltar — Soundings and Dredgings between Gibraltar and Madeira — 

 The Pennatulida- — Tenerife — Soundings and Dredgings in the vicinity of the Canary Islands — 

 Departure from Tenerife for the West Indies — Description of Method of Sounding, Dredging, and 

 of making other Observations at Sea, ........ 46-82 



CHAPTER III. 



Oceanic Temperatures — Modes of Determination — Self- Registering Thermometers of Six, Aime, 

 Negretti & Zambra, and others — Electrical Thermometer — Sources of Error- — Professor Tait's 

 Experiments — Piezometers — Compressibility of Water — Specific Gravity Determinations — Collec- 

 tion of Samples of Water — Slip Water- Bottle — Buchanan's ^Water-Bottle— -Combined Water-Bottle 

 and Sounding Rod — Method of Taking Temperatures, ...... 83-120 



CHAPTER IV. 



Tenerife to St. Thomas — St. Thomas — St. Thomas to Bermuda — The Brachiopoda — Gulf Weud 

 Fauna — Description of Bermuda —Bermuda to Halifax — The Gulf Stream — Halifax to Bermuda — 

 TheTunicata, ........... 121-166 



