148 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



spiders, beetles and butterflies, the latter, however, being very scarce. 1 The scarcity of 

 Hemiptera is astonishing, for besides the Green-bug (Ehaphigaster) only a few small Cicadas, 

 found on the cedar trees, were observed. Under the stones I always found a few land shells, 2 

 several species of Blatta, and very often a Gryllus. Flying beetles are rare. When return- 

 ing at night from our excursions, we observed no insects filling the air as they do in 

 Europe, with the exception of some Sphingidse, and no Bats were observed. It is true 

 that bats have been found here, but they all belong to American species, which have 

 either been brought over in ships transporting wood, or have been driven over by storms. 

 " I visited Hungry Bay specially with the intention of watching and obtaining 

 specimens of a Crab, which is well known to the Bermudians, from its habit of 

 ascending the Mangrove trees. This is the Grapsus cruentatus, Latr., known from 

 Brazil and the Antilles. It inhabits the holes seen everywhere in the soft and moist 

 brown earth near the Mangrove trees. The larger of these holes have a diameter of 

 three to four inches, and they go down to a depth of three or four feet, as deep down, 

 indeed, as the moist earth itself. Wet mud was found at the bottom of each hole, so that 

 when the Crabs are sitting in these, there is plenty of moisture for their gills, and when 

 on the Mangrove trees, they are noticed from time to time retiring into the pools which 

 are met with under each tree. This explains the astonishing, and, as far as I am aware, 

 unknown fact, that a member of the Grapsoidea has been able to take up the habits of a 

 Gecarcinoid, without having the anatomical apparatus, which from Milne-Edwards' 

 dissections is well known in the latter. The gills of this Grapsus cruentatus do not differ, 

 as I ascertained by dissection, from those of the Brachyura of marine habits. Grapsus 

 has, however, not assumed all the habits and manners of land crabs, for though it is seen 

 walking on the land and climbing up the trees, it spends most of its time in the water, 

 or in moist media, and does not seem to be nocturnal, like Gecarcinus. On walking 

 over the place where these crabs have their holes, one disturbs hundreds of the younger 

 ones, and the larger ones may be noticed watching attentively from the entrances to 

 the holes, and retiring in the greatest hurry when approached. Many full-grown specimens 

 were caught, and among these a female carrying its eggs. Animals which have assumed 



1 The Lepidoptera collected on the islands include the following species (Butler, Ann. and. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 

 vol. xiii. pp. 184-188, 1884) : — 



Plusia ou, Guenee. 



Junonia camia, Hiibner. 

 Chcerocampa term (Drury). 

 Leucania antica, Walker. 

 Laphygma rnacra, Gu6nee. 

 Perigea $u'>aurea, Guenee. 



Remigia marcida, Guenee. 

 Thernwsia monstratura, Walker. 

 Manjaronia jairusalis, Walker. 

 Stenopteryx hybridalis (Hubner). 



2 The following terrestrial Mollusca were collected at the Bermudas(E. A. Smith, Proc.Zool. Soc. Lond.,ip. 277, 1884) : — 



Helix bermudensu, Pfeiffer. 

 „ circumfirma,ta, Reel field. 

 „ , microdonta, Desh. 

 „ vortex, Pfeiffer. 



Bulimus ventrosus, Fer. 

 Succinea bermudensis, Pfeiffer. 

 Helicina convexa, Pfeiffer. 

 Melampus gundlachi, Pfeiffer. 



The common European IAtnax gagates, Drap., was also-found, and has not been previously recorded from this locality. 



