302 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



At 6 P.M. the surveying and exploring parties returned, and the ship worked to 

 windward under easy sail between the two islands during the night. 



On the 27th the weather in the morning was thick and cloudy, so that it was 

 unadvisable to proceed towards the land or to send exploring parties on shore ; the day 

 was therefore devoted to dredging, which proved very satisfactory. The islands were 

 occasionally seen through the mist, thus enabling the position of the soundings to be 

 fixed. In the afternoon they were both seen for a short time. The dredgings between 

 the island showed that the bottom, in depths less than 100 fathoms, was covered 

 with great masses of Polyzoa, the dredges and swabs being filled and covered with them ; 

 Mr. George Busk records sixteen species from this locality, eight of which are new. There 

 were also numerous animals belonging to all the marine invertebrate groups. In 130 and 

 310 fathoms there was a volcanic mud containing 15 to 20 per cent, of carbonate of lime, 

 shells, many Diatoms, and many volcanic minerals and lapilli of vitreous basaltic rocks. 



Marion Island to the Crozet Islands. 



At 6 P.M. on the 27th December, sail was made for the Crozet Islands, and the 28th 

 December, the day after leaving Marion Island, was bright and sunny, with a smooth sea, 

 moderate northerly wind, and a high and steady barometer. 



On the 29th the weather still continued fine, but was misty, the mist at times amount- 

 ing to a light fog. Advantage was taken of this fine weather to sound and trawl in 1375 

 fathoms; serial temperature soundings were also obtained (see Sheet 18). Four Penguins 

 appeared on the water close to the ship while dredging was going on, and stopped in 

 the vicinity for some time. 



On the 30th, the weather still continuing fine, a sounding and trawling w r ere obtained 

 in 1600 fathoms with excellent results (see Sheet 18). At 10 p.m. Hog Island of the Crozet 

 group was seen. During the night a large cetacean came close to the ship but soon 

 disappeared. 



The trawlings at the two Stations on this section, in depths of 1375 and 1600 fathoms, 

 were probably the most productive of the cruise ; between one and two hundred animals, 

 belonging to nearly all the marine groups, were taken at each of the hauls, and with 

 few exceptions they belonged to genera and species discovered for the first time by the 

 Expedition. In the memoirs already published, 7 new genera and 35 new species are de- 

 scribed from the trawling in 1375 fathoms, and 9 new genera and 29 new species from 

 1600 fathoms ; among these, 12 species are common to both Stations. It is probable that 

 these new species do not represent more than one-third of the whole number discovered, 

 but this cannot be said with certainty till all the specialists have completed their reports. 



The deposit at 1375 fathoms was a Globigerina ooze, containing 81 per cent, of car- 

 bonate of lime, the residue being almost wholly remains of Diatoms and Eadiolarians. 

 At 1600 fathoms there was only 35 per cent, of carbonate of lime, 40 per cent, of Diatom 



