Native Method of Bud- 

 ding. This is very simple, 

 and in general most success- 

 ful. An incision of the 

 length required is made per- 

 pendicularly in the stock ; 

 they then take hold of it 

 with their hands, both 

 above and below the cut, 

 and bend the stock forward 

 towards them, the bark is 

 thus separated and forms 

 an opening sufficient to in- 

 troduce the bud, which is placed in its right position, the stock is 

 then allowed to regain elasticity, and the bark or rind closes 

 tightly rouncl the bud : a ligature of plantain leaf shreds is bound 

 round the perpendicular incision, omitting of course the bud, 

 and allowing it free space to grow, no cross cut being required. 

 When you remove these plants into the situations in which 

 they are to remain, and they appear to have taken root well, then 

 you may cut off the head of the stock in a slanting direction, 

 near the bud, in a clean and careful manner. 



CIRCULATION OF WATER IN SOILS. It is necessary for the due 

 nourishment of plants, that the water by which soils are moistened 

 have a proper movement or circulation. When the soil is so loose 

 and porous as not to retain moisture, the circulation is too rapid, 

 so that the water is carried off before it can be taken up by the root 

 fibres and conveyed to the plants, on the other hand, when the 

 soil is stiff and compact so as not to allow the water it imbibes to 

 circulate, the mouths of the minute tubes are pressed upon and 

 obstructed, so that no nourishment obtains admission, both con- 

 ditions are of course detrimental. If a soil is very porous, the 

 water naturally sinks into it and moves to wards the bottom, which, 

 if not of a firmer texture, the water will naturally drain away ; and 

 as the heat expends the water nearest the surface into vapour, 

 and raises it into the air, as soon as by this means the surface be- 

 comes dry, the moisture below will gradually rise in the same 



