12 MANUAL OF MODERN VITICULTURE. 



canes are long and slender, with long internodes, cylindrical 

 from one end to the other. The nodes are not protruding, 

 and there are few secondary ramifications. This species is 

 sometimes glabrous, or sometimes slightly tomentose (at the 

 apex at least), varying greatly in colour (white, grey, 

 mahogany colour or purple). The tendrils are discon- 

 tinuous ; the bursting of the buds and florescence takes place 

 early. The young leaves remain a long time folded along 

 the mid-rib, slightly downy on the upper portion of the 

 shoots which curve downwards ; adult leaves spread out, 

 cordiform, with rather developed teeth, marking the position 

 of the lobes ; teeth sharp, with a few soft hairs over the veins 

 on the under-face (Fig. 3). The bunches generally bear 

 only male flowers, and are therefore sterile. They have the 

 odour of linden. When the flowers are fertile the bunch is 

 small, with small tender pulp berries, pos- 

 sessing a special taste, which is not so- 

 accentuated as that of V. Labrusca. The 

 chalaze of the seed is not prominent, but 

 Fig 4. -seed of wild long, and confused with the raphe sinking 

 in the median depression (Fig. 4). 



The V. Riparia spreads over a large geographical area in 

 the continent of North America. It is found 90 miles south- 

 east of Canada, north of Quebec, and in all the United 

 States except Florida, the larger part of Texas, and in 

 almost the whole region west of the Rocky Mountains. 



According to P. Viala it grows in alluvial soils formed of 

 rich reddish clay, or in siliceous or clayey-siliceous red soils, 

 pebbly or not, in fertile and fresh sands, in soils formed of 

 hard, calcareous debris, but fresh and rich, and which 

 occupy the largest area in America. In a general way,, 

 lime does not suit the Riparia, especially if the lime is in a 

 soluble form. It does not grow well in soils which are 

 liable to get very dry in summer. 



(c) V. Rupestris. The V. Rupestris is a vigorous plant, 

 with a bushy habit resulting from the development of a 

 great number of ramifications. Trunk large and stout. 

 Canes almost erect, with very short and knotted internodes. 

 Tendrils discontinuous. The bud always bursts with young 

 grapes, carmine in colour, emerging from the young leaves, 

 which are shining and transparent. When adult they are 

 small, entire, cordiform or orbiculate, sometimes wider than 



