10 



MAN DAL OF MODERN VITICULTURE. 



and present some analogy to those of V. Vinifera. They are 

 deep red when lignified. Upper portion of the growing 

 shoot of a carmine colour ; the bursting of the buds and 

 florescence are simultaneous with those of the European 

 vine, s Leaves (Fig. 1) generally entire, but often with more 



Fig. 1. Leaf of Wild V. ^stivalis (after M. Mazade.) 



or less marked lobes. Teeth blunt, upper-face dull, under- 



face covered with a white rust-coloured down on the principal 

 and secondary veins. Bunches of very 

 small berries, covered with bloom, of a 

 peculiar taste. Seeds of medium size, from 

 2 to 3 in number. They are rounded at the 

 top ; beak short, blunt ; chalaze circular, 

 raphe prominent (Fig. 2). 



This species grows in the central and 



eastern part of the United States. It was noticed by P. 



Viala in soils of old formations ; it grows in the wild 



