PROPAGATION BY SEEDS. 



65 



-qualities ot resistance to phylloxera. We have in a previous 

 chapter, when describing' direct producers and graft-bearers, 

 explained the value of the association of different species. 



Hybridization. The operation is carried out in the follow- 

 ing manner : The flower of the vine presents a peculiar dis- 

 position ; its petals, instead of opening tit the top, become 

 separated from the calyx at their base, and remain united at 

 the top, forming a kind of hood maintaining the anthers in 

 contact with the pistil (Figs. 24, 25, and 26). The hood of 



Fig. 24. Fig. 25. Fig. 26. 



Different stages in the opening of a normal Vine Flower. 



each flower mast therefore be removed before the petals 

 become detached. When this is done we must ascertain 

 that no pollen has fallen off from the anthers ; the stamens 

 .are then removed with special scissors and forceps (Fig. 27) 



Fig. 27. 



Scissors and Forceps used for 

 the removal of corolla and 

 stamens. 



Fig. 28. 



Gauze Bag used for pro- 

 tecting flowers from 

 contamination. 



Fig. 29. 



CJauze Bag kept open with 

 a spiral wire. 



to prevent accidental fecundation. The. flowers of the 

 variety which is to play the part of male are then rubbed 

 or shaken above the former so as to cover them with pollen. 

 The fecundated flowers are then covered with a gauze bag 

 (Fig. 28) so as to protect them from contact with any foreign 



10890. 



