78 MANUAL OF MODERN VITICULTURE. 



Finally, Viala and Mazade have shown that with Ber- 

 landieris, which are naturally very difficult to strike from 

 cuttings, a large proportion (40 per cent., instead of 6 to 8 

 per cent.) is obtained if the canes are only pruned when 

 they have herbaceous shoots 3 to 4 inches in length, these 

 being cut away before planting. 



This method, unfortunately, rapidly exhausts the mother 

 plants. 



5TH. SELECTION OF SOILS FOR CUTTINGS. 



Cuttings may be planted out direct, or in nurseries, where 

 they will root, and then be planted out the following year as 

 rootlings. 



(A.) Planting out. The direct planting out of cuttings 

 oifers the following advantages : It saves the expense of 

 transplanting and the check in the development of the plant 

 which results from this operation, but it generally has the 

 disadvantage of placing the cutting in unfavorable conditions 

 for rooting. It should only be adopted in light, fresh, and 

 fertile soils with varieties striking easily. 



(B.) Planting in nurseries. Planting in nurseries enables 

 vine-growers to place their cuttings in more favorable con- 

 ditions for development, by selecting the soil and giving 

 special care to the nurseries. Further, it diminishes the cost 

 during the first year, for the plantation being more compact, 

 the cultural operations are conducted on a much smaller 

 area. It should always be used when a vineyard is to be 

 established in clayey soils, or in dry, pebbly, shallow soils, 

 or when rare varieties are to be propagated. Nurseries 

 should always be established for the purpose of replacing* 

 " misses " in a young vineyard. We will see how this is 

 done when studying the establishment of the vineyard. 



(C.) Establishment of a nursery and care to be given to 

 it. A nursery should be established as far as possible in 

 light, warm, well-drained soil with means of irrigation. 

 The soil should be perfectly cleaned and disturbed to a 

 depth of from 1 to 2 feet ; manured with easily assimilable 

 fertilizers, such as decomposed stable manure, old fowl-yard 

 manure, guano, or chemical fertilizers. The planting is 

 done in the 1 following manner : The : cuttings are placed 

 upright in small trenches with vertical sides (Figs. 38, 39, 



