92 



MANUAL OF MODERN VITICULTURE. 



graft; (e) Cutting graft. However, as budding and her- 

 baceous grafts have attracted attention lately, we will say a 

 few words about them also. 



(a) Ordinary Cleft Graft. This is the oldest graft used, 

 and has for a very long time been the only one. The soil is 

 dug away from the stump down to the level of the first large 

 roots ; the trunk is cut 1 or \\ inches above the surface of the 

 soil (Fig. 48) so as to avoid as much as possible the libera- 

 tion of the V. vinifera scion when grafted on American 

 stocks. The section is cleaned and 

 smoothed with the grafting knife. It 

 is then split along its diameter with a 

 special chisel, or knife, if the trunk is 

 not too large. In the first case the 

 chisel is placed a little sideways 

 (Fig. 48a), and when the cleft is made 



O 



Fig. 48. Ordinary cleft graft, (a) Section of large stump 

 cut with a chisel. (6) Section of a small stump cut with 

 a pruning bill. 



the upper part is slightly widened by 

 cutting away two tongues of wood on 

 each side, the thickness of which 

 depends on the size of the scion. A 

 more regular and neater section is thus 

 obtained, and the crushing resulting 

 from the pressure of the sides of the Fig. 49.-scion used for 



Cleft is thus avoided. ordinary cleft grafting. 



The scion usually carries three buds and an internode 

 below the inferior bud. This internode is cut wedge-shaped,. 



