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MANUAL OF MODERN VITICULTURE. 



joint, and is split with a chisel or knife. The scion is 

 selected of an equal diameter, so as to obtain knitting on 

 both sides. It is cut wedge shape, the two bevels being 

 equal and inserted in the cleft, being careful to allow both 

 sides to coincide outside, as in this case the bark of both 

 stock and scion is practically of the same thickness. The 

 results obtained with this method are satisfactory, and it is 

 quite equal to the whip-tongue graft. However, the joint is 

 not as strong the two first years, and it produces large pads 

 of knitting tissue. 



(c) Whip-tongue Graft. It is only since the grafting of 

 European vines on American species was started that the 

 whip-tongue graft was invented. It may be considered as 

 giving the best results when well performed, and when the 

 stocks are young enough to allow the grafting of scions of 

 an equal diameter. 



The soil is removed as in the previous case, and the stock 

 cut at a bevel, level with the soil (this is done with a 



special knife), and a vertical 

 cleft made towards the centre 

 of the section. Formerly this 

 bevel was made very long 

 (Fig. 52) so as to increase the 

 surfaces of contact as much as 

 possible, and obtain good knit- 

 ting and a small pad, but 

 experience has proved that 

 long bevels form long tongues, 

 which dry very easily, and 

 therefore cannot knit. Further, 

 the bevels are not'rigid enough, 

 and the joint is weaker. 

 Pulliat* advocates a bevel of 

 28 to 32 per cent., which cor- 

 responds to an angle of 1 6 to 

 19, and a tongue about a 

 quarter of an inch in length 



(Fig. 53). The scion is prepared in exactly the same way, 

 being careful to make the section as close as possible to the 

 bud ; it is assembled with the stock, so that each tongue is 

 inserted in each cleft. If the graft is properly performed all 



Fig. 52. Whip-tongue graft with long 

 bevels: (a) on cutting; (6) on rootling. 



* V. Pulliat, Manuel du greffeiir de vignes. Bibliotheque du Progrbs Agricole, rue 

 d'Albisson, 1, Montpellier, 1885, pages 19 and 20. 



