110 MANUAL OF MODERN VITICULTURE. 



the knife to oscillate and making uneven sections. This- 

 is avoided if the flat side of the blade alone is used 

 (Fig. 88). 



The grafting knives most used are those of Champin (Fig. 

 85) or Kunde (of Dresden) (Fig. 86). The grafting knife of 

 Rolli, Lausanne (Switzerland), is equal in strength and has 

 the advantage of being cheaper. 



Guides may be used to enable the operator to make very 

 regular plane sections and always obtain the same bevel. 

 Castelbou's guide (Fig. 89) is in the shape of a pentagonal 



Fig. 87. Section of a blade sharpened Fig. 88. Section of a blade sharpened 



on both sides. on one side only. 



frustrum, on the face of which holes are bored reaching the 

 base. These cylindrical holes vary in diameter and are made 

 parallel to the axis of the frustrum, so that their section is 

 oblique on the face. Steel springs fixed at the bottom of 



each face form two kinds of guards, which press against it 

 when submitted to a slight pressure, but remain slightly 

 away from it when in a normal state. 



This guide may be used for out-door grafting or bench- 

 grafting. In the latter case it is fixed on a kind of stand, 

 and is used in the following manner : The stock or scion 

 is placed in one of the holes corresponding to its diameter r 



