112 MANUAL OF MODERN VITICULTURE. 



limiting its movement sideways. The blade used for the 

 bevels is fixed on the front ; the blade F, used for the 

 tongues, is smaller and placed at the rear. 



Under the blade G is a brass socket T (Fig. 91), and (abed 

 Fig. 92), forming an inclined winding plane. On the top 

 of the socket is a horizonal stop B, limiting the movement of 

 the blade in front. This arrangement of the socket allows the 

 same length of bevel to be obtained with cuttings varying 

 in diameter by placing them in different points on the socket. 



Fig. 92. - Inclined Socket of Petifs Machine. 



Under the blade F is a second wooden socket similar to the 

 former. These different tools are bolted on a cast-iron 

 frame fixed on the side of the bench by a strong vice. 



The machine is used in the following way : 1st, a cane is 

 placed on the socket T in a suitable position, the extremity 

 touching the stop B (Fig. 91) ; the lever is pushed forward by 

 means of the handle P, making the bevel. 2nd, the cane is 

 then placed on the wooden socket section upwards, and by 

 pulling the lever backwards the slit is made at the required 

 depth, forming the tongue at the same time. 



Many machines have been devised with the idea of helping 

 the making of grafts on the ground, but none have so far 

 proved practical. We may state that grafting by hand has 

 a tendency to be generally adopted, and the number of 

 successful operators is increasing every day. It is almost as 

 difficult to teach operators to use grafting machines properly 

 as to teach them to use grafting knives. 



GTH. LIGATURES AND WAXING. 



When grafts are performed on old stumps the joint ia 

 generally strong enough, and does not need any binding. 

 Grafts on stocks of smaller diameter should always be per- 

 formed well enough to be able to do without binding, but it 

 is generally advisable to bind the joints to increase their 



