ACCIDENTS, DISEASES, PAKASITES. 163 



3rd. Non-setting resulting from unfavorable atmospheric 

 co?iditions. Non-setting is much more frequently the result 

 of bad weather. In this case the whole vineyard is affected 

 and the harm much greater. 



It is generally caused by a sudden fail in the temperature, 

 continuous rains, or dry winds at the period of florescence. 



A sudden fall in the temperature prevents fecundation, 

 therefore one must avoid ploughing or disturbing the sur- 

 face of the soil at the time of florescence, as it causes greater 

 radiation and evaporation, which lowers the temperature. 

 Continuous rains wash away the pollen and cool the atmos- 

 phere. Finally, dry winds cause the reproductive organs to 

 dry and therefore prevent fecundation. 



In this case the remedies against non-setting are pinching, 

 annulary incision, and sulphuring a few days before flores- 

 cence. These remedies generally give good results. 



(F.) MlLLERANDAGE. 



Besides non-setting, or complete abortion of flowers, we 

 may sometimes observe that, although the fruit appears to 

 have set properly, differences will be noticeable after a short 

 time between different berries of the same bunch. They do 

 not all assume an even development, so that at vintage time 

 the bunches are loose, formed of uneven berries, some 

 scarcely larger than shot. This is termed Miller an dag e 

 in France ; it is caused by mildew or other diseases, and 

 often by chlorosis, when a cepage is not well adapted to the 

 soil. It also often occurs when cold, damp weather pre- 

 vails immediately after the setting of the flowers. According 

 to L. de Malafosse these small berries are due to the develop- 

 ment of late flowers present in most bunches, which usually 

 abort and are unable to develop on account of the non- 

 setting of some part of the flower. They are not, however, 

 capable of giving normal-sized fruit. 



The same remedies as against non-setting may be success- 

 fully used in this case. 



(G.) SCORCHING. 



This is the result of intense action of solar radiation on the 

 grapes. Grapes which are not covered with leaves, or those 

 which have been sheltered for a long time and are suddenly 

 left bare, are more particularly liable to this accident. The 



L 2 



