198 



MANUAL OF MODERN VITICULTURE. 



CHAPTER II. 



ESTABLISHMENT OF SUBMERSION PLANT. 



IST. SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY. 



Water used for submersion may be taken from a river, 

 channel, lake, dam, spring, artesian well, or even drainage 

 channel. It may be carried to the vineyard by channels, 

 elevating machines, or sometimes by temporarily blocking- 

 drainage channels. 



(A.) Channels. This is evidently the simplest means, and 

 should be used every time the water can be taken from a 

 level higher than that of the vineyard, the only expense 

 being the making of small channels. 



(B.) Raising water by mechanical means.* The above 

 method, unfortunately, cannot be applied in every case. It 



is not always possible 

 to make weirs through 

 certain rivers and 

 small differences of 

 level necessitate water 

 being taken from a 

 great distance to 

 travel through neigh- 

 bouring properties ; 

 the intermittence of 

 the rate of flow of 

 certain channels often 

 renders necessary the 

 use of the second sys- 

 tem. The elevating 



Fig. 169. -centrifugal Pump. machines generally 



used are centrifugal 



pumps (Fig. 169) or rouets (Fig. 171), invented by Dellon, 

 engineer, at Montpellier, and built by Bergeron, of 

 Mmes. 



* The centrifugal pumps made by Neut and Dumont, and those of Gwyne, yield 22 gallons 

 per second, and require 1'20 H.P. per 3 feet of elevation. The consumption"of coal is 

 about 4 to 6 Ibs. per hour and per H.P. When the coal is not of very good quality the 

 quantity reaches 9 Ibs. and more. 



