BENCH-GRAFTING EESISTANT VINES. 215 



'Sonoma had been when their vineyards were attacked. It is 

 in order to prevent any further unpreparedness and conse- 

 quent costly mistakes that vine-growers of uninfected loca- 

 tions are earnestly advised to commence now to test the 

 most promising resistant stocks on their own places, in order 

 to determine which of these is most suitable for the condi- 

 tions of the soil, climate, and moisture that exist there. 

 This is especially true of such localities as Fresno and others 

 in the lower San Joaquin valley, where there are large 

 stretches of contiguous vineyards as yet uninfected. 



The phylloxera is as menacing a foe to the "raisin- 

 grower " as to the " wine-grower," and it would be well 

 worth while for every vineyardist in California, not only to 

 test various resistants, but also to learn the methods of 

 bench or cutting, grafting, and all the various processes of 

 establishing a vineyard on resistant roots. Then, when the 

 insect enters his own or his neighbour's vineyard he will 

 know exactly what to plant and how to plant it, and not be 

 obliged to experiment for three or four years or trust to the 

 experience of some one else whose conditions may differ in 

 some way from his, and thus run the risk of making costly 

 failures. 



The work of the Experiment Station in this line for the 

 last two or three years has been to establish some general 

 principles to guide the individual grower in his own attempts 

 and to narrow the scope of his experiments in order that he 

 may not waste his time on methods and varieties which have 

 already been proved valueless. Our conclusions have been 

 based on observations of our own experiments, and also of 

 the successes and failures of grape-growers in various parts 

 of the State. These observations have so far been directed 

 principally to: 



1. The adaptability of various resistant varieties to different 



conditions of soil, climate, and moisture. 



2. The best method of grafting for various varieties and conditions. 



3. The growth of various Vinifera varieties upon various resistant 



stocks. 



The problems presented by the phylloxera were studied 

 by Professor E. W. Hilgard very early at this Station, and 

 & certain amount of attention has been given by the Station 

 since then to methods of extermination of the insect and to 

 resistant stock. The results of this work having already 

 been published, the present article deals only with the work 

 done during and since 1896. In that year Professor A. P. 



