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MANUAL OF MODERN VITICULTURE. 



Two methods of obtaining those conditions were tried. 



1st. Callusing in Sand. The sand used was taken from 

 Napa Creek, and was very suitable for the purpose. The 

 grafts were put in the sand nearly vertically in bundles of ten, 

 in rows. The sand was moistened sufficiently to give it the 

 compactness necessary for making the piles. The location 

 of the sand pile was chosen on the south side of a building, 

 which protected the sand from the north winds, and 

 rendered it possible to give the grafts the maximum 

 amount of snn. A layer of abont 4 inches of sand was 

 put on the bottom, and then the grafts were put in verti- 

 cally, and covered up as soon as they came from the 

 grafting bench. The tops of the grafts were covered with 

 a thin layer of sand (about 2 inches). The whole pile of 

 sand with the grafts was then covered with a waterproof 

 cloth, in order to protect the grafts from excessive moisture, 

 and to maintain the even temperature of the sand during 

 cold weather and at night. This cover was easily removable 

 in order to facilitate watering, if necessary, and to make it 

 possible to warm the pile on sunny days. This arrangement, 

 somewhat improved, is shown in Fig. 177. 



Fig-. 177. Callusing Bed. 



The grafts were put in the sand from 7th March to 18th 

 March, the time of grafting. 



.2nd. Calhsing in Straw or Moss. To test this method, 

 360 grafts were placed in straw, moss not being obtainable 

 at the time. Moss is considered somewhat better, on account 

 of its hygroscopic power. The method of layering the grafts 



