232 MANUAL OF MODERN VITICULTURE. 



Tokay on Rupestris du Lot; Champin graft, scions of 

 two eyes. The grafts were very well developed, showing 

 abundant foliage. Not many roots were found on the scions, 

 and 87 per cent, were growing. 



Ferrara on Rupestris du Lot ; Champin graft, scions 

 of two eyes. The grafts showed very good growth ; but 

 many roots were found on the scions, and most of them were 

 already well developed. The proportion growing was 96 per 

 cent., which is higher than in any of the other experiments. 



Condition when raffia was cut. The following observations 

 were made from the 28th to the 30th of August, when the 

 raffia was cut : 



In the case of many of the grafts the raffia should have 

 been cut earlier (two or three weeks), the raffia having pre- 

 vented the proper development of the covered unions. In 

 all these cases where the raffia had prevented the proper 

 enlargement of the union, though the parts below and above 

 the raffia showed good development, the scions had developed 

 strong roots. These roots favoured in some cases an un- 

 usually heavy growth of the green parts, often as much a& 

 2 to 3 feet. In these extreme cases when the raffia was cut 

 and the roots of the scions removed, the thin, undeveloped 

 union was unable to support the heavy top, and broke off" 

 at a touch of the spade or a puff of wind. In the first row 

 worked there was a loss of about 3 per cent, from this cause. 

 It was found before the other rows were touched, however, 

 that this loss could be avoided by a heavy pruning-back of 

 the green shoots. This not only lessened the weight of the 

 top, thus preventing breaking, but diminished the evaporat- 

 ing surface of leaves, which was too great for the roots of 

 the stock after those of the scion had been removed. 



The raffia on many grafts (about 20 per cent.) was quite 

 rotten, and cutting was not needed ; very good unions could 

 be observed in all these cases. In other cases the raffia did 

 not show any sign of decaying, and was strong enough to 

 prevent the development of good unions, and was therefore 

 cut. The raffia of the grafts which were planted out im- 

 mediately after grafting, was, contrary to all expectations, 

 still strong, apparently because nearer to the surface and 

 therefore drier. Undoubtedly the raffia should have been 

 cut at least a month earlier on these. 



Conditions when grafts were removed from nursery. 

 The following observations were made from the 26th to the 



