BENCH-GRAFTING RESISTANT VINES. 237 



The figures in the above table must not be taken as repre- 

 senting the exact relative values of the various methods and 

 varieties compared, but taken in connexion with the follow- 

 ing remarks they may be considered as valuable indications. 



A word of explanation is perhaps necessary with regard 

 to certain figures. The 44 per cent, of successful grafts 

 given as the average for Champin grafts and the 37 per 

 cent, for the English cleft grafts are somewhat low, on 

 account of the fact that they include various experiments, 

 some of which were comparative failures, and made only for 

 the sake of comparison and not to attain the maximum 

 number of good grafts. 



The proportion of successful Champin grafts, as shown by 

 the table, is slightly greater than that of the English cleft. 

 The successful English cleft grafts, however, were consider- 

 ably superior to the other in the matter of completeness and 

 strength of the union. The lower percentage is probably 

 due to the fact that the English cleft grafts were placed in 

 the northerly end of the callusing sand heap, where the 

 temperature was too low. (See page 226.) 



The experiments with two-eye and one-eye scions on the 

 whole were in favour of the use of two eyes. The additional 

 chance of success given by two eyes, when the first eye is 

 injured by frost or other cause, no doubt accounts for the 

 higher percentage of success in this case, In the case of 

 the grafts planted out immediately after grafting, the one- 

 eye scions made on the whole the strongest growth. This 

 seems, however, to be due to the fact that the upper eye of 

 the two -eye scions started and broke through the sand early 

 enough to be killed by the spring frosts, while the one-eye 

 scions, being more deeply buried, were later in emerging and 

 escaped the frost. This gave the latter an earlier start, and 

 therefore a longer period of growth, for there was a check 

 of growth and an interval of waste time in the former case 

 between the killing of the upper bud and the starting of the 

 lower. The remedy here, therefore, if this explanation be 

 true, is a deeper layer of sand over the scions, and not the 

 use of only one eye. 



The difference between previously callusing the grafts 

 in sand and planting them directly in the nursery as soon as 

 made is very striking. Those previously callused produced 

 61 per cent, of good unions, while the others produced but 



