GLOSSARY. 253 



CAMBRIAN FORMATION (Geol.) A series of very ancient palaeozoic rocks, 



between the Laurentian and Silurian, until recently regarded as the 



oldest fossiliferous rocks. It is named from its occurrence in Cambria, 



or Wales. 



CARBONATE OF LIME Limestone. 

 CARBONIC ACID GAS This term is generally applied to a compound of 



carbon and oxygen, more correctly called carbon dioxide. 

 CARBONIFEROUS FORMATION (Geol.) A series of rocks, including sand- 

 stone, shales, limestone, and conglomerates with beds of coal, which 



make up the strata of the carboniferous age. 



CARTILAGINOUS or CARTILAGINEOUS. Firm and tough, like cartilage. 

 CELL (Biol. ) One of the minute elementary structures of which the greater 



part of the various tissues and organs of plants is composed. 

 CEPAGE (French). H*e no equivalent in English. Any vine when under 



cultivation . 

 CHALAZE or CHALAZA (Bot.) The place on the seed where the outer coats 



cohere with each other and the nucleus. 

 CHALAZIC DEPRESSION (Bot.) Natural depression in a seed formed by the 



chalaze. 

 CHLOROSIS (Bot.) A disease in plants causing the leaves to lose their 



normal green colour and turn yellow. 

 CILIA, sing. CILIUM (Bot.) Small microscopic vibrating appendages found 



on some vegetable organisms. 

 COLLOID NATURE Of the nature of glue or gum. 

 CONCAVE Said of the interior of a curved surface. 

 CONCRETION (Geol.) Rounded mass or nodule produced by the aggregation 



of the material round a centre, as, the calcareous concretions common 



in beds of clay. 

 CONGLOMERATE (Geol.) A bed of fragments of rock, or pebbles, cemented 



together by other material. 

 CONICALLY Having the general shape of a geometrical cone, round, and 



tapering to a point, or gradually decreasing in circumference. 

 CONVEX Said of the outside of a curved surface in opposition to concave. 

 CORALLIAN (Geol.) A deposit of coralliferous limestone forming a portion 



of the middle division of the oolite. 

 CORDIFORM or CORDATE Having the general shape of a heatt, as a cordi- 



form leaf. 

 COROLLA The second envelope of a flower usually composed of coloured 



leaf -like organs (petals) and may be united by their edges in the top 



part, as in vine flowers. 



CORONA OF THE STIGMA Crown-like appendage at the top of the stigma. 

 CRETACEOUS FORMATION (Geol.) The series of strata of various kinds con- 

 taining beds of chalk, green sand, also called chalk formation. 

 CRYPTOGAM (Bot.) Plants belonging to the series or division of flower-less 



plants, propagated by spores, and generally living as parasites on other 



plants. A fungus is a cryptogam. 

 CRYPTOGAMIC DISEASE An alteration in the state or the function of a 



plant, caused by a cryptogam such as mildew, black rot, &c. 

 CUPRIC. Containing copper. 



CUTICLE OF A VINE LEAF The outermost skin of the leaf. 

 DEFOLIATION The falling or shedding of the leaves. 

 DESICCATION The state of being dried up or deprived of moisture. 

 DEVONIAN FORMATION (Geol.) A series of Palaeozoic rocks, including the 



old red sandstone. 



DIAPHRAGM (Bot.) Partition of wood separating the pith of two inter- 

 nodes in a vine cane. 

 DILUVIUM See Alpine Diluvium. 

 DISCOID Having a circular structure like the berries of certain vines. 



