THE BREADFRUIT AND ITS RELATIVES 411 



Westward from Polynesia and its native region (the Malay 

 Archipelago), the breadfruit is grown in Ceylon and occasionally 

 in India. In the American tropics it is nowhere an important 

 product, but it is cultivated on a limited scale in the West 

 Indies, the lowlands of Mexico and Central America, and on 

 the South American mainland as far south as the state of 

 Sao Paulo in Brazil. 



There are probably no places on the mainland of the United 

 States where it can be cultivated successfully. All parts of 

 California unquestionably are too cold for it. Trees have been 

 planted in extreme southern Florida, but so far as is known 

 none has ever reached bearing stage, although there are fruit- 

 ing specimens of the allied jackfruit in that state. 



The seedless variety is invariably called breadfruit in English ; 

 the seeded variety sometimes breadnut. The Spanish name 

 for the seedless form is drbol del pan, sometimes masa pan; 

 the French arbre a pain; the Portuguese arwre do poo or fruta 

 pao; the Italian albero del pane; and the German brotbaum. 

 W. E. Safford 1 gives the following vernacular names : Seedless 

 variety, lemae, lemai, lemay, rima (Guam) ; n'raa, colo, kolo 

 (Philippines); 'ulu (Samoa, Hawaii); uto (Fiji). Seeded 

 variety, dugdug, dogdog (Guam) ; tipolo, antipolo (Philip- 

 pines) ; 'ulu-ma'a (Samoa) ; vto-sore (Fiji) ; bulia (Solomon 

 Islands). Botanically the breadfruit is Artocarpus communis, 

 Forst. The name Artocarpus incisa, L., is a synonym. 



The methods of preparing breadfruit for eating are numerous. 

 Safford writes: "It is eaten before it becomes ripe, while the 

 pulp is still white and mealy, of a consistency intermediate 

 between new bread and sweet potatoes. In Guam it was 

 formerly cooked after the manner of most Pacific island 

 aborigines, by means of heated stones in a hole in the earth, 

 layers of stones, breadfruit, and green leaves alternating. It 

 is still sometimes cooked in this way on ranches; but the 

 1 Useful Plants of Guam. 



