MANUAL ON POULTRY. 39 



"Symptoms. Swelling of the head, watery discharge from the 

 eyes and nostrils, which are very foetid and offensive to the smell, 

 following which, these discharges become acrid and result in a 

 congealed yellow coating to the mouth and tongue, called canker 

 which we term a poisonous fungus growth in the blood. 



"Treatment. Wash and steam the head and throat with hot water 

 in which a dash of carbolic acid is added. Clear the nasal passage 

 to the throat by an injection of carbolic water, one part of carbolic 

 acid to ten parts of water. Gargle the throat and tongue with a 

 solution of potash, but do not peel the canker off, if to do so causes 

 any bleeding^'or that would only aggravate the disease. Give a 

 dessert-spoonnu of castor oil, and each morning give nearly a gill 

 of milk in which three or four graibs of hyposulphite of soda has 

 been dissolved. At evening, after the washing and steaming, the 

 cleansing of the nasal passage, and the gargling, give a gill of milk 

 with eight drops of tincture of iron. 



"The milk can be easily administered by taking the bird by the 

 under beak and drawing the neck upward till straight, when the 

 milk poured from a tea-pot will run into the crop without the ef- 

 fort of swallowing. 



"At the end of about four or five days the effect of the hyposul. 

 phite of soda in the blood, and the solution of carbolic acid as a 

 wash, may be seen in the sloughing off of the cankerous substance 

 from the tongue and mouth, when the fowl will commence to 

 mend. The treatment at this stage should be nourishing food, with 

 occasional doses of sulphur, and the fowls will regain their health 

 and sprightliness. Six-sevenths of the cases of roup are curable, 

 but its extreme contagion makes the cure a questionable policy, 

 and it should never be undertaken unless the affected fowl be at 

 once removed from the flock and fowl-house." 



Gapes is common among chicks from four to six weeks 

 old when supplied with foul water, especially if poorly 

 fed during wet spells. Mr. Wright says : "The disease consists at 

 least so far as actual symptoms extend in a number of small worms 

 which infest the windpipe, and cause the poor chicken to gasp for 

 breath. If taken early, it will be sufficient to give every day a mor- 

 sel of camphor the size of a grain of wheat, and to put camphor in 

 the drinking water, or a little turpentine may be given c.aily in 

 meal, taking care, of course, that the deficiencies in diet and shel- 



