INSECTA. 99 



already described. All insects undergo certain meta- 

 morphoses, but the changes are not always of the same 

 nature ; some experience only a partial metamorphosis ; 

 some a demi-metamorphosis, and others a complete change. 

 They are divided into winged and unwinged. The first 

 undergo a perfect transformation, such as the butterfly, 

 which passes through several stages; first, the larvae; 

 then the nympha ; and, lastly, attains the state of a per- 

 fected creature in the form of a butterfly. Some, termed 

 suctorial insects, do not undergo any metamorphosis, 

 and are unwinged ; others, which are apterous or un- 

 winged, such as the locust and grasshopper, are subject 

 to a partial transformation. All, with the exception of 

 the millipedes, have six feet, as soon as the full perfec- 

 tion is attained. They are divided into five orders.* 



FIRST ORDER: .. APTERA. Insects without any wings ; millipedes, 



spiders, etc. 



SECOND ORDER : COLEOPTEKA. Beetles, etc. 

 THIRD ORDER: . OKTHOPTEEA. Crickets, Locusts, etc. 

 FOURTH ORDER: LEPIDOPTEEA. Butterflies. 

 FIFTH ORDER : . . HTMEROPTERA. Bees, Gnats, etc. 



FIRST ORDER. 

 APTERA. UNWINGED INSECTS. 



The Millipede (julus terrestris) belongs to this order, 

 and has a long cylindrical body, like an earth-worm, 



* Modern naturalists have divided insects into eleven orders. Lin- 

 naeus forms them into seven, founding the division upon the absence 

 or presence of wings ; their number, texture, arrangement, and nature 

 of their surface; and upon the existence or absence of a sting. 

 Many follow Linnaeus, because his classification, being more simple, 

 affords to the general reader, upon the whole, a clearer view of the 



