INSECTA. 151 



of wood, and perfected in three weeks, come forth as 

 winged insects. They are too well known as the scourges 

 of woolens and peltries to require further description. 



2. THE LEAF ROLLERS (Tortrices), 



Have horizontal or roof-like wings. The larvae are 

 smooth-bodied, and never live in the open air, hut either 

 singly or in companies, in leaves, which they roll up or 

 convert into tunnels. The metamorphosis is effected in 

 cocoons, shaped like a boat. 



The Pine Leaf Roller (tortrix buoliana) is nearly an 

 inch long, with small, yellowish-red wings ; the superior 

 pair are transversely striped with silvex-white ; the infe- 

 rior are shining white, glancing into a coppery luster ; 

 the corselet reddish-yellow ; abdomen gray-brown. The 

 caterpillars, very injurious, are brown, with black heads, 

 and live on the sap of the young pine trees, into which 

 they bore. Many live together in one nest, which they 

 make upon the tenderest sprouts of the branches. They 

 pass the Avinter in the pupa state ; the nymphaa are long 

 and of a dull yellow-brown color. 



The Beech Leaf Roller (tortrix prassinana), plate 23, 

 fig. 3, is over an inch in length ; body and anterior 

 wings yellow-green, striped alternately with bright red 

 and yellow, the lower wings brownish. The larva, also, 

 measures an inch, is smooth and green, rolls the leaf of 

 the beech into a sort of tunnel, in which it lives. Enter- 

 ing the pupa state in October, it spins an orange-colored 

 cocoon of a boat shape, and when it comes forth, presents 

 a setaceous, but handsome, violet brown butterfly. 



