IXSECTA. 153 



that it is easy to mistake them for wood. They undergo 

 the transition state in cocoons very slightly covered with 

 silk, under leaves or in the ground. 



The Pine Surveyor (geometra pinaria), plate 23, fig. 

 7. Fourteen lines in length ; males have wings of a 

 hrownish-yellow, bordered and striped with black, an- 

 tennae slightly pectinated; females reddish -brown, edged 

 with darker brown, and striped transversely. These 

 insects make their appearance in the spring, and remain 

 until the summer. The caterpillar, which is yellowish- 

 green and measures fifteen lines, commits great ravages 

 in the . pine forests. They accomplish their metamor- 

 phosis under moss ; the nympha is at first green, but 

 afterwards becomes of a shining brown. 



The Frost Moth (geometra brumaria). The males 

 are over an inch long, possessing strong, gray-brown 

 upper wings, which are rounded off; the lower are paler. 

 The females have only slight rudiments of wings, and 

 deposit their eggs in the neighborhood of the buds of 

 fruit and forest trees. The caterpillar, seven lines long, 

 is green, with three yellow stripes and a brown head, is 

 very injurious, and changes under the ground to a light 

 brown pupa. 



The Linden Moth (geometra marmoraria), two inches 

 long, has white wings ; the upper pair are dotted with 

 dark points and bordered with white ; the antennae of the 

 males are light brown, those of the female white, ringed 

 with black. The caterpillar, two inches in length, with 

 two knobbed protuberances on the posterior portion of 

 the body, lives on the poplar, willow, beech, and linden, 

 and when ready for transition into the pupa state, enters 

 the earth. 



Geometra Alniaria measures seventeen lines, with 



