INSECTA. 173 



wings end in two short orange-colored flaps. Lower 

 side ochre color with brown bands enclosed with borders 

 of white. The green, yellow-striped shield-shaped cater- 

 pillar lives on plum, thorn, and cherry trees ; changes 

 into a pale red-brown chrysalis, which in fourteen days 

 again begins a new existence as a butterfly. 



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2. FLUTTERERS. 



Butterflies of middle size. Wings unicolor or varie- 

 gated, sometimes transparent and bordered, and again 

 dentated or abrupt. Their flight is at a medium height 

 and with a fluttering movement. Their fore legs are often 

 shorter than the hinder. Caterpillar cylindrical, smooth, 

 or spinous, occasionally, though rarely, hirsute. They 

 seldom make a web ; the chrysalis hangs either in a 

 girdle horizontally or suspended by the tail, head down- 

 wards. 



The Sand Eye (tachyptera janira), pale brown upper 

 wings, with a field of orange-brown, adorned with one 

 black eye ; under wings with a light band. The under 

 side orange-brown, yellow-brown on the borders, with 

 black eyes. Caterpillar green, slightly hairy, with a 

 white stripe on the sides ; lives on reed grass, passes the 

 winter without changing ; becomes a chrysalis, yellow- 

 green, striped with black in the next June ; three weeks 

 afterwards it is on the wing. Very common in meadows 

 bordering on forests. 



The Hermit (tachyptera hermyone major), brown with 

 a broad white band, in which a black eye-shaped spot 

 appears on both outer and inner surface of wings ; the 

 under side is watered. Inhabits dry, stony places in 

 woods. Caterpillar resembles the foregoing. 



