174 NATURAL HISTORY. 



The Large Tree Whiting (tachyptera cratsegi) is 

 white, ribhed with black, and in Germany may be seen 

 in thousands in damp roads and paths, reposing in a kind 

 of benumbed state, when they are easily taken. The 

 hairy caterpillar is gray below, yellowish above, banded 

 with bright orange ; measures one inch and a half, is 

 very injurious to fruit trees, on which it lives ; remains 

 all winter without changing; becomes a pupa in the 

 spring ; the chrysalis is of a yellow-white color, marked 

 beautifully with black ; begins its winged life in July. 

 The eggs, numbering from one to two hundred, are de- 

 posited on the under side of the leaves. 



The Large Cabbage Butterfly (tachyptera brassicae) 

 is yellow, with falcated upper wings, bordered with black, 

 the female differs in having two black spots on the same. 

 Caterpillar one inch and a half long, marked with gray 

 and yellow, is very hurtful to vegetables ; changes to a 

 yellow-green, black-spotted pupa, which, for fourteen 

 days, hangs suspended on the twigs of a hedge, after 

 which, the transitionary process accomplished, it flies 

 forth. The eggs are yellow and found on cabbages ; the 

 second generation remains in the caterpillar state all 

 winter. 



The Aurora (tachyptera aurora). The inner surface 

 of the superior wings yellow-white, the outer bright 

 orange with black edges, lower wings irregularly spotted. 

 The large green caterpillar, whitish below, and measur- 

 ing one inch and a half; lives on wild cabbage, meadow- 

 cresses or the gilliflower, and undergoes its transforma- 

 tion into a pupa, green, and striped on the sides with 

 yellow, which hangs suspended perpendicularly on the 

 stems of plants. 



The Silver Point (tachyptera edusa) or the Golden O, 



