176 NATURAL HISTORY. 



green colored, with large spots resembling mother of 

 pearl. Caterpillar one inch and a half long ; dark gray, 

 speckled with orange, and covered with long spines ; 

 lives upon the violet ; changes in June to a pendulous 

 red-brown nymph a, from which, in fourteen days, issues 

 a gaudy butterfly. 



The Silver Line (tachyptera paphia) much resembles 

 the foregoing, differing only that instead of pearl-like 

 spots, the wings are marked with silvery lines. Cater- 

 pillar yellQW-brown ; habits and food the same as above. 

 The C Bwd (tachyptera C album), Vanessa. Wings 

 dark brown, strong, and unequally cut ; are black, edged 

 with white, and speckled black ; in the middle of the pale 

 brown-gray under-wings is a white figure said to resemble 

 the letter C, but in reality its shape is rather that of a 

 V. Caterpillar yellow-brown, and spiny; lives on the 

 hop, elm, nettle, etc. ; changes in June to a yellowish- 

 red and gold-speckled chrysalis, which, after fourteen 

 days, is transformed into a butterfly. 



The Little Fox Small Tortoise Shell (tachyptera 

 urticse). Reddish-yellow wings, with large spots of 

 black ; outside margins yellow ; inner borders black, 

 speckled with blue ; under surfaces grayish-brown, bor- 

 dered with lighter shades of the same. Caterpillar one 

 inch and a half long, spiny, and variously colored. Is 

 found from spring to autumn upon nettles, and sus- 

 pended from the twigs of hedges ; changes into a chrysalis 

 resembling the above described ; after fourteen days the 

 butterfly appears. 



The Large Fox Large Tortoise Shell (tachyptera 

 polychlorus) greatly resembles the above, but is larger and 

 handsomer. Caterpillar mostly black. Lives in great 



